| Project Detail |
The overall projects impacts remain unchanged from those of the ongoing project. The project is aligned with the following impacts: (i) universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water improved, and (ii) access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene enhanced to end open defecation. The overall project will have the same outcome and will include the names of the additional project towns under the additional financing. The additional financing will have the following outcome: reliability and efficiency of resilient WSS services in Dehradun, Haldwani, Nainital, and Tanakpur enhanced. The overall project has the same four outputs but is modified to reflect additional towns under the additional financing. Only the additional components under each output of the additional financing are described below.
Project Name Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project - Additional Financing
Project Number 38272-045
Country / Economy India
Project Status Approved
Project Type / Modality of Assistance Loan
The overall projects impacts remain unchanged from those of the ongoing project. The project is aligned with the following impacts: (i) universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water improved, and (ii) access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene enhanced to end open defecation. The overall project will have the same outcome and will include the names of the additional project towns under the additional financing. The additional financing will have the following outcome: reliability and efficiency of resilient WSS services in Dehradun, Haldwani, Nainital, and Tanakpur enhanced. The overall project has the same four outputs but is modified to reflect additional towns under the additional financing. Only the additional components under each output of the additional financing are described below.
Output 1: Resilient water supply system and service in Haldwani, and Tanakpur improved. By 2030, the additional financing will construct about 817 kilometers (km) of piped water supply networks in the western part of Haldwani and the entire town of Tanakpur to replace the existing 209.8 km water supply network, which has significant leakage. The new network will ensure a reliable and quality 24-hour continuous water supply system with a standard of 135 lpcd. The additional financing will provide water meters to about 45,000 household connections, enabling more efficient water use and volumetric billing, including for at least 90% of identified poor and vulnerable household consumers. This will reduce NRW in the project area from 45%-50% to at most 25%, which exceeds the states performance standard. To further advance NRW management, AIB leak detection technologies and data management platforms will be deployed in all water supply systems under the ongoing project and the additional financing. The AIB leak detection devices can monitor leakage sounds and can be operated by unskilled community women, reducing the requirement to use skilled water leak technicians, which will be time- and resource-efficient and cost-effective. When properly used AIB devices are more reliable and accurate than human detection, as exact locations and the scale of leakage can be identified, eliminating human errors. The inclusion in all water supply works contracts of sustainable materials such as low-carbon cement, highly energy-efficient equipment, and incentivized performance payments for asset management will contribute to climate change mitigation and high-quality and sophisticated asset management throughout the long-term O&M period.
Output 2: Integrated and resilient sanitation systems and drainage established in Dehradun and Haldwani. By 2030, The additional financing will construct (i) one sewage treatment plant with a total treatment capacity of 10 million liters per day; (ii) 268 km of sewer networks to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from untreated wastewater; (iii) about 99 km of stormwater drainage networks that take into account projected flood events; and (iv) 12,000 household sewer connections in Dehradun and Haldwani, including at least 90% of identified poor and vulnerable households. The use of advanced sewage treatment technology will ensure quality sanitation system development while contributing to additional greenhouse mitigation. The additional financing will include fecal sludge and septage management (FSSM) for households not connected to sewer networks within the project areas to enhance citywide inclusive sanitation provision. The sewage treatment plant will be equipped with a co-treatment facility for treating fecal sludge and septage, meaning the regular sewage treatment process will not be disrupted. In addition, low-carbon cement will be used in all the sanitation work contracts because the low-carbon cement market in India is mature.
Output 3: Computerized maintenance and management systems for water and sanitation developed and implemented in Haldwani and Tanakpur. By 2029, CMMSs will be installed in Haldwani WSS and Tanakpur water supply to advance the O&M performance and management of WSS assets. The CMMSs will connect various smart platforms-such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), geographic information system (GIS), and AIB leak detection technologies and data management platforms-and process and translate data from these platforms into user-friendly CMMS functions for (i) recording and presenting the operational status; (ii) scheduling and tracking inspections; (iii) planning, implementing, and reporting the results of preventive maintenance; (iv) generating status reports; (v) managing fixed assets across multiple sites; (vi) managing inventory, work orders, and contracts; and (vii) providing customer services through consumer data management systems that will be established. At least an additional 20 staff, including 10 female staff from utility operators and two ULBs, will be provided training on CMMS use.
Output 4: Institutional capacity and knowledge strengthened. The additional financing will support institutional and governance reforms to enhance the financial management of ULBs, strengthen ULBs revenue systems, enable effective urban planning and development, and improve the provision of urban services with strong ownership. The additional financing will also expand the activities of the ongoing project by (i) providing training on customized WSS O&M manuals and the CMMS; (ii) carrying out community awareness, participation, and behavioral change programs that promote water conservation; sound public health and hygiene practices; waste reduction; and safe, clean, and healthy community environments; and (iii) expanding target numbers for the gender assessment and action plan to include additional ULBs and introduce new activities, including (a) engagement of women self-help group (SHG) members in water bill collection and/or distribution in at least five wards in Haldwani, and (b) conducting awareness campaigns to reach at least 300 women in the four project towns on menstrual hygiene and safe disposal of menstrual and sanitary waste by training women SHG members.
Project Rationale and Linkage to Country/Regional Strategy
Water supply and sanitation gaps:
As described in the ongoing projects report and recommendation of the President, several factors and conditions in the states urban areas have led to significant gaps in the provision of urban infrastructure and services, including basic WSS infrastructure and services in many growing ULBs. These are (i) rapid urbanization, (ii) urban sprawl aggravated by climate-induced migration from hill villages, and (iii) difficulty in mobilizing sufficient human and financial resources from ULBs. In addition, the lack of integrated watershed management, extreme weather events, and aggregated climate change risks (mainly floods and droughts) are causing water shortages, and difficulty in meeting basic needs for residents and ecosystems. The WSS gaps are exacerbated by weak urban governance. Moreover, the lack of high-quality WSS places a disproportionate burden on the poor and women, who prioritize household management and family health care rather than economic activities.
Water supply and sanitation in project cities.
Dehradun experienced unprecedentedly rapid growth, mainly because of urban migration by hill villagers, who suffered unstable horticultural conditions because of climate change, and sought better employment and education opportunities (footnote 4). Previous WSS infrastructure development funded by ADB, World Bank-funded support for water supply, and the ongoing project provided WSS systems in most of Dehradun, except for sanitation provision in the eastern part of the Raipur area of Dehradun.
Haldwani, situated in the immediate foothills of the Kumaon region and known as the gateway to Kumaon, is the third-most populous city in the state and the main commercial hub in the region. In 2018, the Haldwani municipal boundary was expanded to include peri-urban areas, which increased the number of wards from 33 to 60 to accommodate the influx of migrants who occupied the peri-urban areas over time. Haldwanis estimated population grew to over 370,000 in 2022 compared to 171,353 as of the 2011 census, and occupied an area of 58.9 square kilometers (km2). The existing water supply systems in the 27 newly added wards, built during 1970-1990, have significant leakage and supply only 70-90 liters per capita per day (lpcd) for 2-4 hours. Overall NRW is about 40%-50%, comprising physical water losses because of leakage and commercial losses resulting from incomplete billing and collection. Sanitation systems depend on septic tanks and informal desludging services. Untreated wastewater and fecal sludge are often discharged to local watercourses and dump sites, causing severe environmental and health risks. The situation worsens during the rainy season when untreated wastewater is mixed with stormwater. There is an urgent need for appropriate sanitation systems in Haldwanis newly added wards, and good sanitation services to the residents and high floating population, estimated at more than 20%.
Tanakpur is situated in the plains area on the banks of the Sarda River and is a gateway to the Kumaon Himalayas. In 2018 it expanded its town boundary, increasing the area from 1.20 km2 to 2.37 km2; the population grew by 59% from 17,626 in 2011 to 28,000 in 2022. The existing water supply facilities in Tanakapur, built during 1935-1975, are inadequate and inefficient, with 45%-50% NRW, and 50-70 lpcd supply for 2-4 hours per day. Tanakpur lacks a sewerage system, and suffers from problems similar to those in Haldwani. The large floating population has increased the demand for WSS services. Tanakpur is preparing a sanitation project under the Namami Gange Programme, a flagship program run by the Government of India.
Impact
(i)Universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water improved, and
(ii)access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene enhanced to end open defecation. (Uttarakhand Vision 2030) |
