| Project Detail |
Objective Project purpose: Management system on potable water resources - shallow and deep groundwater, and surface and rainwater - is enhanced. Outputs: Potable water resources situation, including water demand, consumption and supply in Kathmandu Valley, is studied and future forecast is conducted. Situation and sources of groundwater pollution is studied. Microbiological situation of environmental water, such as groundwater, surface water, and rainwater, in the Kathmandu Valley is studied. Appropriate locally-fitted, compact and distributed (LCD) water treatment system for groundwater and surface water in Kathmandu Valley is developed. Social and economic evaluation of the LCD water treatment system installation in Kathmandu Valley is studied. Activities: 1-1 To collect statistical data, such as population, industrial distribution and land use, and to predict the potential water demand. 1-2 To collect and organize the data of natural environment, such as hydro-meteorology, terrain and geology. 1-3 To estimate spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and the long-term variation trends based on the information of 1-1 and 1-2. 1-4 To elaborate a water security map of potable water resources situation in terms of water demand, water supply and consumption. 1-5 To investigate possibilities of developing alternative techniques to utilize water resources, including underground dam, rainwater recharge and rainwater harvesting. 2-1 To investigate the status of water quality (tap water, well water, tanker water, bottled water, ground water and river water). 2-2 To identify the sources, spatial and temporal variation of water pollutants. 2-3 To elaborate a water security map of water quality including 5 factors: nitrogen compound, iron, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) or Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), organic chemicals, and dissolved oxygen. 2-4 To investigate the water quality factors which affect water treatment performance. 3-1 To investigate indicator microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, and waterborne pathogens in environmental water (tap water, tanker water, bottled water, groundwater, and river water). 3-2 To estimate the sources and dynamics of waterborne pathogens. 3-3 To elaborate a water security map of microorganisms (indicator bacteria, waterborne protozoa, bacteria, and viruses). 3-4 To investigate and understand the distribution of beneficial bacteria that contribute to water purification. 3-5 To elaborate a water security map of waterborne infections, based on a study of waterborne diseases and understanding of the relationship between water quality and usage. 4-1 To research and develop prototype dropping nitrification system coupled with multi denitrification bio-film systems (hydrogen oxidizing denitrification and ANAMMOX by autotrophic bacteria), and find the important factors for the performance and costs. 4-2 To research and develop prototype enhanced constructed wetland system, and find the important factors for the performance and cost. 4-3 To research and develop the prototype sponge tray water treatment system and sand filtration system, and identify the important factors for the performance and the cost. 4-4 To install demonstration LCD water treatment systems at five (5) sites or more in Kathmandu, and to investigate their performances and shortcomings. 4-5 To improve and optimize the demonstration LCD water treatment systems from the outcomes of the above operation. 5-1 To investigate a present situation of the conventional water treatment facilities in Kathmandu. 5-2 To quantify an improvement of water safety, resulted from an installation of the LCD water treatment system. 5-3 To identify social and economic issues on implementation and installation of the LCD water treatment system in Kathmandu, and to propose solutions. 5-4 To develop and formalize strategies on introduction and installation of the LCD water treatment systems based on the results of 5-3. 5-5 To assess quantitatively an improvement of water safety and its ripple effects, by introducing the LCD water treatment system in Kathmandu. |
